枫杨Pterocarya stenoptera

中文名(Chinese Name):枫杨
学名(Scientific Name):Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC.
英文名(English Common Name):Chinese wingnut
别名(Chinese Common Name):麻柳
异名(Synonym):Pterocarya stenoptera var. kouitchensis Franch.  Pterocarya stenoptera var. sinensis Graebn.  Pterocarya stenoptera var. brevialata Pamp.  Pterocarya esquirollii H. Lév.  Pterocarya chinensis Lavallée  Pterocarya laevigata Lavallée  Acer mairei H. Lév.  Pterocarya stenoptera var. typica Franch.  Pterocarya stenoptera var. zhijiangensis Z.E. Chao & C.J. Zheng
科属(Family & Genus):胡桃科(Juglandaceae)枫杨属
形态特征(Description):大乔木,高达30米,胸径达1米;幼树树皮平滑,浅灰色,老时则深纵裂;小枝灰色至暗褐色,具灰黄色皮孔;芽具柄,密被锈褐色盾状着生的腺体。叶多为偶数或稀奇数羽状复叶,长8-16厘米(稀达25厘米),叶柄长2-5厘米,叶轴具翅至翅不甚发达,与叶柄一样被有疏或密的短毛;小叶10-16枚(稀6-25枚),无小叶柄,对生或稀近对生,长椭圆形一至长椭圆状披针形,长约8-12厘米,宽2-3厘米,顶端常钝圆或稀急尖,基部歪斜,上方1侧楔形至阔楔形,下方1侧圆形,边缘有向内弯的细锯齿,上面被有细小的浅色疣状凸起,沿中脉及侧脉被有极短的星芒状毛,下面幼时被有散生的短柔毛,成长后脱落而仅留有极稀疏的腺体及侧脉腋内留有1丛星芒状毛。雄性葇荑花序长约6-10厘米,单独生于去年生枝条上叶痕腋内,花序轴常有稀疏的星芒状毛。雄花常具1(稀2或3)枚发育的花被片,雄蕊5-12枚。雌性葇荑花序顶生,长约10-15厘米,花序轴密被星芒状毛及单毛,下端不生花的部分长达3厘米,具2枚长达5毫米的不孕性苞片。雌花几乎无梗,苞片及小苞片基部常有细小的星芒状毛,并密被腺体。果序长20-45厘米,果序轴常被有宿存的毛。果实长椭圆形,长约6-7毫米,基部常有宿存的星芒状毛;果翅狭,条形或阔条形,长12-20毫米,宽3-6毫米,具近于平行的脉。花期4-5月,果熟期8-9月。
分布(Distribution):产陕西、河南、山东、安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、广东、广西、湖南、湖北、四川、贵州、云南。生于海拔1500米以下的沿溪涧河滩、阴湿山坡地的林中。
用途(Use):树皮和枝皮含鞣质,可提取栲胶,亦可作纤维原料;果实可作饲料和酿酒,种子还可榨油。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 4 Page 281
Pterocarya stenoptera C. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4. 18: 34. 1862.
枫杨 feng yang | Juglandaceae  | Pterocarya
Acer mairei H. Léveillé; Pterocarya chinensis Lavallee; P. esquirolii H. Léveillé; P. japonica Lavallee; P. laevigata Lavallée; P. stenoptera var. brevialata Pampanini; P. stenoptera var. kouitchensis Franchet; P. stenoptera var. sinensis Graebner.
Trees to 30 m tall. Leaves even-pinnate, rarely odd-pinnate, 8-16(-25) cm; petiole 2-6.5 cm, sparsely pubescent; rachis often winged or sometimes only ridged or sulcate on some leaves, sparsely pubescent to tomentose; leaflets (6-)11-21(-25), sessile, long elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 8-12 × 2-3 cm, abaxially slightly pubescent, base oblique, cuneate or broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or acute. Fruiting spike 20-45 cm, axis pubescent at first but becoming nearly glabrous. Nutlets long ellipsoid, 6-7 mm, slightly pubescent to glabrescent; wings linear, 1.2-2.5 × 3-6 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 32.
Forests on mountain slopes or riverbanks; near sea level to 1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea]
Widely cultivated as a shade tree.
枫杨Pterocarya stenoptera

枫杨Pterocarya stenoptera

枫杨Pterocarya stenoptera

枫杨Pterocarya stenoptera(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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